How to tell if your dog is an optimist or a cautious pessimist

Monta Priede, a canine life expert at pet retailer “Rimi Mājdzīvnieki”, explains that dogs, like people, react differently to unfamiliar situations – some confidently explore the unknown, while others first watch cautiously and weigh possible risks. This tendency, known as cognitive bias, is shaped by both inborn temperament and the dog's environment, past experience and current mood.

How the test works

The expert describes a simple method for gauging a dog's outlook. The dog first learns that a bowl placed in one specific spot always contains a treat, while a bowl in another spot is always empty. Once the dog has grasped this difference, the bowl is placed in a new spot, positioned between the two original locations. If the dog quickly and confidently goes to check the bowl, this points to a more optimistic bias and an expectation of a positive outcome. If the dog hesitates, watches its surroundings warily, or avoids approaching altogether, this suggests a more cautious interpretation of the situation.

Neither trait is good or bad

Priede stresses that optimism and caution should not be labelled as “good” or “bad” temperament traits. More optimistic dogs tend to be more curious and engage more readily in new activities, but may act more impulsively and assess risks less carefully. More cautious dogs assess a situation first and only then act, helping them avoid unpleasant experiences, though pronounced insecurity can cause extra stress.

Both nature and environment play a role

Some puppies are bolder and more curious from an early age, while others are more sensitive to sounds, movement and change. Still, environment matters greatly – a safe, predictable setting, positive socialisation and a trusting bond with the owner help a dog build confidence, while prolonged stress or traumatic experiences can foster fearfulness.

The expert notes that a single test cannot fully capture a dog's temperament – daily behaviour, body language and health should also be considered. Sudden behavioural changes, such as a dog avoiding activities it once enjoyed, may signal stress or health issues, in which case consulting a veterinarian or a certified dog behaviourist is advised.