Microsoft-backed AI data center accused of running unpermitted generators
A drone investigation found the largest planned AI data center in New Jersey, which serves Microsoft, running dozens of gas generators without permits. A former EPA chief calls it a violation of federal law.
An investigation by Floodlight and The Guardian using thermal drone footage found that the partly-built DataOne data center in Vineland, New Jersey, was simultaneously operating at least 45 of the 62 generators installed at the site. According to the report, none of these generators have the required permits.
DataOne sits roughly 40 miles from Philadelphia and supplies computing capacity for Microsoft's cloud and AI operations under a $17 billion deal with Dutch infrastructure firm Nebius. The project has been controversial since construction began in 2025, drawing persistent noise complaints, contentious zoning disputes, and pushback from nearby residents — the site sits just a mile from two schools.
A massive-scale project
Once complete, DataOne will span about 2.6 million square feet, dwarfing a typical cloud data center, which is usually around 100,000 square feet. Each generator on site is roughly the size of a tractor-trailer, and these gas-powered units emit substantial air pollution linked to health issues such as asthma and heart attacks, in addition to generating significant noise.
Former EPA chief Bruce Buckheit said facilities using this type of generator need a final permit before bringing them online, and argued that DataOne's actions violate federal law. He believes the company should immediately halt operations and pay a fine for what he called illegal emissions.
A spokesperson for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection confirmed that no permits have been issued for power generators at the DataOne site and that no applications are currently under review, though the agency still needs to complete a full compliance determination. DataOne has not addressed specific questions about the unpermitted generators, saying only that it remains committed to meeting applicable environmental and permitting requirements. The city of Vineland has already issued the company multiple stop-work orders. Neither Nebius nor Microsoft has responded to the allegations.
