US Defense Secretary's Plan for Testosterone Screening of Troops Draws Expert Criticism

US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has long advocated for a more masculine military. He argues that combat standards were lowered to include women and has staged photo ops working out with troops. His latest initiative involves annual testosterone screenings for service members aged 30 and older, with the option for voluntary testosterone replacement therapy if levels are deemed low. Those under 30 may opt in.

Adrian Dobs, an endocrinology researcher at Johns Hopkins University, expressed surprise, calling the plan an oversimplification. Testosterone levels vary with circadian rhythms—higher in the morning—and can be suppressed by stress, making diagnosis complex. Dobs says Hegseth's view of testosterone is misinformed; there is no evidence it boosts intelligence or longevity.

The program is described as voluntary, but Dobs emphasizes that standard medical practice requires treating underlying conditions first—such as kidney or liver disease. Risks include testicular atrophy, reduced sperm count, and increased blood thickness, which strains the heart. These side effects are particularly concerning for younger service members in their prime fertility years.

The Pentagon declined to comment beyond Hegseth's description, and no scientific research or expert input has been disclosed. Hegseth's tenure has also seen attempts to remove transgender troops, impose male-only fitness standards, and block promotions of women and people of color. The Navy recently ended permanent shaving waivers, disproportionately affecting Black service members.

Dobs questions the program's goals: "What is the function that people are looking at? Is he looking for somebody who’s going to be stronger on the field? Is he looking for someone who’s going to be smarter when they fly an airplane?" No clear measures of success have been provided.