Renewed US-Iran war hitting Gulf countries hard
The renewed conflict between the US and Iran, which resumed after a June ceasefire collapsed, is severely affecting Gulf states including Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, and Oman.
Since the conflict reignited in late February when the US and Israel attacked Iran, the region has once again become a frontline. A memorandum of understanding signed in June was meant to halt fighting but has failed, with both sides accusing each other of violations. The US has bombed Iran, and Iran has retaliated by striking US allies in the Middle East, primarily Gulf nations.
Bahrain, home to a major US Navy base, has been directly hit by Iranian strikes. As a small country, military installations are close to residential areas, so even limited fighting disrupts civilian life. Politically, Bahrain is in a delicate position – ruled by a Sunni monarchy but with a majority Shiite population. Iran, a Shiite theocracy, could fuel internal tensions. The government has arrested hundreds for anti-war messages or expressing sympathy with Iran.
Kuwait hosts the most US bases in the Middle East, including two air bases and about 13,500 personnel. This makes it a target. Previously cautious in foreign policy, Kuwait often mediated, but Iranian attacks have prompted more forthright protests from its government.
Saudi Arabia, home to a major US air force base, stresses diplomacy and wants to focus on its Vision 2030 economic goals. Protecting oil infrastructure is a priority. Iran's blocking of the Strait of Hormuz has forced Saudi Arabia to divert some oil exports via another pipeline. Saudi Arabia denied the US use of its airspace to bomb Iran, but later reports suggested it conducted its own unpublicized strikes.
The UAE, which hosts an important US air base, fears damage to its reputation as a financial hub. It has diverted some oil exports from the Strait of Hormuz, but prolonged conflict could disrupt this.
Qatar houses the largest US military base in the Middle East but maintains good relations with Iran, sharing a major gas field. Qatari diplomats have mediated, including during the June memorandum.
Oman, without a major US base, maintains good ties with both sides and facilitates backchannel diplomacy, offering options for further talks.
