Heatwave, Air Conditioners, and Health: Expert Advice
Pēteris Apinis analyzes the impact of air conditioners and heat pumps on health and the environment, offering tips for safe use during heatwaves.
The recent heatwave in Europe, which broke temperature records in France on June 23, has sparked debates about the role of air conditioners. El Niño is expected to raise temperatures, though the number of hot days in Latvia is forecast to stay below 20.
There are currently about two billion air conditioning units worldwide. Projections indicate this number could reach 5.5 billion by 2050. Air conditioning consumes 7% of global electricity and accounts for 3% of greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, refrigerant emissions contribute another 3.2% of total emissions.
The European Union will ban F-gases in small autonomous systems by 2032, in other equipment by 2035, and completely phase them out by 2050.
Air conditioners exacerbate the urban heat island effect. Studies show that nighttime temperatures in central London and Paris are about 4°C higher than in surrounding rural areas.
Regarding health, air conditioners prevent heatstroke, improve sleep and cognitive function, and filter allergens from the air. However, excessive temperature differences (over 5–7 degrees) and dry air can cause harm. Dirty filters may lead to respiratory issues.
Heat pumps are a more energy-efficient alternative, especially for small homes. However, they also expel heat outdoors, raising ambient temperatures.
For healthy AC use, maintain a moderate temperature difference (5–7°C), clean filters regularly, avoid direct airflow, use humidifiers, and ventilate periodically.
The UK Climate Change Committee urges the government to invest in cooling systems for schools and care homes, as well as to promote greenery for shade.
