India's hasty switch to E20 petrol sparks anger among drivers, questions for government
India's accelerated rollout of E20 petrol (20% ethanol blend) has led to widespread complaints of reduced mileage and engine performance, with critics questioning the rush and potential conflicts of interest involving the transport minister.
When Krishna Kumar pulled into a petrol station in New Delhi a few months ago, he found only E20 petrol – a blend containing 20% ethanol – was available. Like millions of Indian motorists, he had no choice. Soon, his sedan's mileage dropped from 18-20 km/litre to 16-17 km/litre – a decline of over 10%. The car felt less responsive, especially when overtaking, climbing hills, or using the air conditioner.
The situation affects millions as the Modi government fast-tracked its ethanol blending target from 2030 to 2025, making E20 mandatory last year. Initial concerns faded, but in June 2026, the government's attorney general told the Supreme Court that the administration was "experimenting" with 20% ethanol. The government later claimed he was misunderstood, but the remark sparked national outrage. Drivers, opposition politicians, and even pro-government commentators began questioning the policy.
The government argues E20 reduces dependence on imported crude oil, enhances energy security, lowers emissions, and creates income for farmers by boosting demand for sugarcane and maize. However, consumers report lower mileage – a fact acknowledged by Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari – and some allege damage to car parts. Opposition parties accuse Gadkari of a potential conflict of interest, as his family has ties to ethanol production companies. Gadkari denies this, saying decisions are made collectively.
Independent experts note that ethanol contains less energy per litre, so mileage drops are expected. While newer vehicles are E20-compatible, older models may suffer long-term corrosion of rubber hoses and seals. Government studies claim only a 1-2% mileage reduction, but experts contest this.
Environmentalists warn that expanding sugarcane cultivation for ethanol could strain water resources. There are also concerns about farmers shifting from food crops to fuel production if it becomes more profitable.
Maharashtra, a major sugar-producing state, has seen rapid ethanol expansion thanks to government incentives. This has renewed scrutiny over who benefits from the policy. Consumer groups call for clearer information about E20's impact on older vehicles. As the government pushes ahead, millions of drivers are asking why the transition was so rushed.
