When heel pain shouldn't be ignored: doctors explain the main causes and warning signs

Heel pain is a common complaint that can appear suddenly after physical exertion or develop gradually, interfering with everyday movement such as walking, running or even prolonged standing. According to the health portal Health.com, the pain is most often caused by inflammation or irritation of tissue connected to the heel bone — particularly the plantar fascia or the Achilles tendon, both of which attach to the heel and help absorb impact.

Common causes

The most frequent cause is plantar fasciitis, an inflammation of the connective tissue band running along the sole of the foot, typically most painful in the morning or after sitting for a long time. Achilles tendinitis is also common, as is a heel spur — a bony growth found in roughly 70% of people with plantar fasciitis — and bursitis, an inflammation of the fluid-filled sac that cushions the heel. Less common causes include thinning of the heel's fat pad, bruising, or nerve compression, while children aged 8-12 may develop a condition known as Sever's disease.

When to see a doctor

A doctor's visit is warranted if pain persists two weeks or longer, worsens despite rest, starts suddenly and is severe, or is accompanied by swelling or difficulty bearing weight on the foot. In most cases, conservative treatment — rest, cold compresses, proper footwear, anti-inflammatory medication and physiotherapy — is enough. In more severe cases, shockwave therapy, acupuncture or PRP therapy may be considered, though surgery is rarely needed.