How the tradition of eating cheese at Midsummer originated
Caraway cheese at Jāņi is not just a traditional food but a ritual rooted in ancient livestock farming and Latvia's climate, and today it has become a symbol of national identity.
Researchers have explained the origins of the tradition of eating cheese during the summer solstice. In ancient Latvia, livestock farming was crucial due to the damp climate and abundant meadows along river valleys and lakes. Cheese making was a labor-intensive process, making cheese a valuable product.
Historically, cows produced enough milk only in midsummer when pastures were lushest, so cheese was made specifically for the Midsummer festivities. The round or polygonal cheese wheel symbolized the sun and associated rituals. Over time, caraway cheese became not only a holiday food but also a gift for hosts during Jāņi.
Today, Jāņi cheese has gained a new quality—it has become a value of national identity and a vivid symbol of Latvian culture, surprising foreign visitors. It is considered an ideal gift for Midsummer celebrations, whether homemade or store-bought, reflecting the enduring legacy of this ancient tradition.
