Criminologist: Driving Under Influence – Not a Mistake, but a Systemic Issue

In 2025, Latvia saw an average of two road traffic accidents per day involving alcohol-impaired drivers, according to data from the Road Traffic Safety Directorate. Rūta Treija, a lecturer in criminology and forensic psychology, points out that drunk driving is often perceived as deliberately risky behavior, but in reality it is more complex.

According to Treija, most people who get behind the wheel under the influence do not consider themselves dangerous at that moment. Alcohol significantly impairs judgment, reaction time, and risk assessment, while also reducing critical self-evaluation. The so-called Mellanby effect is particularly pronounced – during the phase of decreasing alcohol concentration, a person feels much clearer than they actually are, leading to the erroneous conclusion that they are fit to drive.

The decision to drive drunk is made under the influence, when cognitive abilities are already affected. Individuals with higher impulsivity and confidence in their abilities are more likely to find themselves in such situations. Studies show that most drunk drivers are aware of the risks and penalties, but at the specific moment they believe nothing bad will happen to them. Alcohol tolerance only reinforces this false sense of safety – the person feels less intoxicated, but their actual abilities are severely impaired.

Regarding prevention, Treija emphasizes the importance of penalties, particularly the effectiveness of progressive fines that create a real sense of loss regardless of income. However, public attitude is also crucial – people often fear public condemnation more than punishment. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment where drunk driving is seen as unacceptable behavior, not a mere mistake. At the same time, individuals should not be condemned as persons, but the specific action should be condemned.

Finally, Treija urges bystanders not to hesitate to intervene if they see someone about to drive drunk. Such action is not directed against the person but is a concern for the safety of all road users. The true cost of drunk driving is fatalities, serious injuries, disability, and psychological consequences that last a lifetime.